The cultural mandate’s connection to the Great Commission
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Humans have relatedness and relationship because of the Creator. Humanity was created in the "image" and "likeness" of God (Gen. 1:26-28). Our relational capability defines humanity as different than any other created thing. We were made for relationships.
Through the Scriptures, the reassurance of our purpose and design in being relationship-driven is validated. The only time within the creation narrative that God mentions anything negative is in man's isolation and loneliness (Gen. 2:18). Humanity was made for relationship with God and with one another. What does this have to do with a cultural mandate?
The cultural mandate, as it is known, states, "God blessed them. And God said to them, 'Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth'" (Gen. 1:28).
The misconception about the cultural mandate is that people believe that it merely applies to human reproduction. However, in light of the continuity of Scripture, and the whole counsel of God, there is a link to multiplicity and a correlation to the Great Commission (Matt. 28:18-20). Yet, as we note from the beginning of creation, an intimacy of relatedness (to God, one another, and creation) and the primacy of love are innately encoded into our DNA by the Creator.
As Adam and Eve walked with the Creator in the garden, they were gaining an intimate understanding of living with God within the daily regularities of life. The proclamation "to be fruitful and multiply," or cultural mandate, was a commission—to fill the earth as image-bearers of God.1
Think of this—if Adam and Eve had not committed sin, their mandate would have driven them to expand the Garden of Eden to fill the entirety of the earth. The Garden of Eden would have possessed no boundaries. Every person, beginning at birth, would have come to know, love, worship, and serve the Creator by becoming a disciple-maker (talking about God and living for God). For this reason, we can see the correlation with the Great Commission multiplicative mandate to make disciples of every tribe and nation (Matt. 28:19-20). Life is about knowing God and making Him known (multiplying).
As a student of God's Word, the meta-narrative of Scripture is God's story—the Scriptures reveal the One True God to humanity. As Michael Goheen notes, "The gospel places us between creation and consummation, the beginning and end of cosmic history … we find ourselves in the middle of the Bible as one story whose central thread is the missional vocation of God's people…"2 The Old and New Testaments are not divorced from one another—nor are they separated stories, but one continual story.
Therefore, I believe the cultural mandate is much like the Great Commission—a direct order given from the Creator to be "fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:26-28; Matt. 28:18–20). While there are some distinctions between the two, both relay a kingdom ethos.
Like the cultural mandate, within Christ's command to make disciple-makers is the tantamount awareness of relatedness and relationship—with man and with God.
To understand the Great Commission is to understand that each person alive today has been created in the image of God and participates within God's story. The Great Commission must compel God's redeemed people to look beyond discipleship as conversion therapy, but as the very definition and story of what it means to be human. God's story is "the true story of the whole world."3 Discipleship begins at relationship, not conversion.
Next, the Great Commission is a divine directive for those who have been saved by grace and filled with the Holy Spirit of God to "be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth" (Gen. 1:28). The church actively partakes in, and participates with, the Triune God. There is a divine koinonia of cross-centered living and sharing of possessions, emotions, and relationships that constrict a cruciform community.4
The Great Commission has direct kinship to the cultural mandate because God, through Jesus Christ, renews the image-bearers of God. Christ re-creates humanity (2 Cor. 5:17), breathing new breath into them (John 20:22), and placing them back into the Adamic state of relationship (though not yet sinless).
The cultural mandate is an "evangelistic mandate" and an "imperative to make disciples."5 I know that some scholars may disagree with me, but I can't help to connect the dots within the meta-narrative of God—that God created man in His image and likeness to know Him, love Him, and serve Him, and to fill the earth as His protectorates.
The cultural mandate mirrors the Great Commission as Christ, God in the flesh, the reigning cosmic King, with all authority and an omnipotent presence, journeying with mankind, as disciple-makers make disciple-makers (Matt. 28:18–20). In the Garden, Jesus, the second and last Adam, lived out the mission of God, by and with obedience, something the first Adam failed to do within his garden.
So, we arrive at a destination—a course in which God in Christ, by the power of the Spirit, is leading us and directing us in a sanctifying life of mission. As well, our end goal should be the drive, zeal, and desire to be more holy, missional, and like Christ.
Jesus was the ultimate reproducible disciple-maker. He was the penultimate image of God (Col. 1:15). And, if we were created for him, to him, and through him (Rom. 11:36; Col. 1:16), then our lives must have intentionality in living out what He said and did (Matthew 28:19).
[1] Wagner, C. Peter. Strategies for Church Growth, 111.
[2] Goheen, Michael, The Church and Its Vocation: Lesslie Newbigin's Missionary Ecclesiology), 8–9.
[3] Ibid., 23.
[4] Hastings, Ross. Missional God, Missional Church, 216.
[5] Ibid., 50, 111.
 | Dr. Matthew Fretwell is a church missiologist, professor, trainer, author, and practitioner. He currently serves on faculty at the Regent University School of Divinity as an Assistant Professor of Practical Theology. He's written ten books and peer-reviewed papers, with a recent three-volume book series entitled, Multiply Jesus (Church Planting, Church revitalization, and Missionary Preparedness). Learn More » |
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